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Plate from Durand’s *Précis* showing the grid of his ‘mechanism of composition’ and his method of combinations.

……..Boullée saw more possibilities of evoking sublimity in painting than in the realization of architecture, making representation all the more critical, regardless of a project’s practicability…

J. N. L. DURAND. COMPENDIO DE LECCIONES DE ARQUITECTURA, PARTE GRAFICA DE LOS CURSOS DE ARQUITECTURA, PROLOGO DE RAFAEL MONEO.

DRAWING [ON] THE SUBLIME: REPRESENTATION OF THE UNREALIZED PROJECT AND THE SUBORDINATION OF THE REAL

MUNDOS PARALELOS. DOS NOTAS SOBRE JØRN UTZON

IDEOLOGY AND MACHINES IN THE WORK OF RICHARD WAGNER

Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand (1760–1834) regarded the Précis of the Lectures on Architecture (1802–5) and its companion volume, the Graphic Portion (1821), as both a basic course for future civil engineers and a treatise. Focusing the practice of architecture on utilitarian and economic values, he assailed the rationale behind classical architectural training: beauty, proportionality, and symbolism. His formal systematization of plans, elevations, and sections transformed architectural design into a selective modular typology in which symmetry and simple geometrical forms prevailed. His emphasis on pragmatic values, to the exclusion of metaphysical concerns, represented architecture as a closed system that subjected its own formal language to logical processes. Now published in English for the first time, the Précis and the Graphic Portion are classics of architectural education.

DRAWING [ON] THE SUBLIME: REPRESENTATION OF THE UNREALIZED PROJECT AND THE SUBORDINATION OF THE REAL
….Boullée focused on more idealized programs illustrating to what architectural form can aspire…….…Etienne-Louis Boullée (1728, Paris) was an architect whose mature adult life coincided with the French Revolution……the impact of Boullée's design ideology later transformed to become the pedagogical foundation for the École Polytechnique, augmented by his student Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand (1761-1834)……..

Notas escritas originalmente para acompañar la publicación de una versión castellana de “Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect”, de Jørn Utzon, publicado en el número 10 de la revista Zodiac (Milán, 1962).

A new production of a Richard Wagner work can in no way be compared to other stagings from the current repertoire in its demand of artistic, technical and financial capital. The aesthetic and ideological universe as envisaged by the composer is caught up in a dialectic of regression and progress, which is played out through an intricate interrelationship between nature and machines. This paper investigates the signification of the machine as object and as metaphor in the works of Wagner, as well as in the cultural context from which his operas emerged, aiming to show how the mechanistic universe of the industrial nineteenth century is simultaneously upheld and subverted through Wagner’s reconstruction of nature and myth.

……….the following link between the causal connection between technology and culture echoes of the way that Sophists conceptualized technē: in Archaeology of Knowledge, Foucault notes toward the end of the book that his discussion on the relation of knowledge to discourse could be expanded to include even more discursive practices. He explicitly notes the practice of painting as an example, connecting techniques/technologies to a form of knowledge: In this sense, the painting is not a pure vision that must then be transcribed into the materiality of space; nor is it a naked gesture whose silent and eternally empty meanings must be freed from subsequent interpretations. It is shot through—and independently of scientific knowledge (connaissance) and philosophical themes—with the positivity of a knowledge (savoir)……..[Sylvia IV, J.J. 2021. "A Genealogical Analysis of Information and Technics" *Information* 12, no. 3: 123].

Sphere houses a record 160,000-square-foot wraparound LED display on the interior, while the exterior is coated with a record 580,000-square-foot LED display. Both are fully programmable and accommodate 16K-by-16K picture resolution.